Review Of Blake Standring - 1081 Words

Blake Standring – Outliers Analysis Through a series of different tests, Gladwell concludes that we have all too easily bought into the myth that successful people are self-made. He says people â€Å"are invariably the beneficiaries of hidden advantages and extraordinary opportunities and cultural legacies that allow them to learn and work hard and make sense of the world in ways others cannot.† Gladwell explains an outlier as a person â€Å"who doesn t fit into our normal understanding of achievement.† According to Gladwell, great men and women are beneficiaries of specialization, collaboration, time, and place. An outlier’s recipe for success is not personally achieved through hard work, but through opportunity and time on task. I actually agree with Gladwell’s view of success. People can work their whole life towards a goal and never achieve it, but if they know of an opportunity, a legacy, or a specific way to achieve this goal more efficiently, they can be successful. Examples are children being born in the early months to be better at hockey, working on a specific task for 10,000 hours to become proficient, and proper training and excellent communication while flying an airplane. First, we take a look at the 2007 Medicine Hat Tigers roster. Canadian psychologist, Roger Barnsley first drew attention to the phenomenon of relative age. He was shocked while looking at the roster as he noticed that seventeen of twenty-five kids on the team were born in January, February, March, or

Knowledge About Faith and Science - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1546 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/03/21 Category Religion Essay Level High school Tags: Faith Essay Science vs Religion Essay Did you like this example? What is the key to a successful knowledge in means of faith and science? How can assistance be that key to successful learning? In compliance with philosophy, people view faith andscience with different perspectives. Some may think that faith brings upon atrue reality, while others believe more in reasoning and logic. Faith may be portrayed as a tree that branches out with different opinions; one main topic can bring upon many different subtopics. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Knowledge About Faith and Science" essay for you Create order Religiously, some people view faith asa belief and trust in God and His acts. Others may see faith as the exact opposite of logical reasoning, but not to a religious extent. Empirical scienceis the reliance on logical reasoning and evidence and this concept main lyconsists of people who believe that faith cannot bring a true reality, but scientific facts and observations can create that true reality. Although, these two concepts often contradict each other, there are ways that the topics have beneficially influenced each other towards a true reality. How can faith and science be considered beneficial when striving for truth? Perceptions of faith have altered over the past couple ofcenturies. Philosophers continuously create different outlooks and contradictions to the ideas of others. Views of faith have become more detailed and specific with new ideas emerging from prior opinions. One philosopher, Soren Kierkegaard, brought upon the idea of existentialism, which can be defined as people containing the free-will to define themselves. Kierkegaard thoughts offaith in terms of leap of faith meaning that when given a difficult choice, aperson may have to take a chance when choosing a side, and then endure the possible consequences of that decision (Faith and Reason: Kierkegaards Legacyn.pag). Science has its similarities and differences with views on faith. Emerging from empirical science, is the well-known scientific method. The scientific method is a scientific discovery that turned minds once again to materialism.(Velasquez 158). The scientific method begins with a fact, or a claim that contradicts some theories from philosophers. The method continues to go through many s teps to narrow the focus of the subject to analyze and observe any empirical proof or evidence, and come to a final conclusion. Some people view science evidence as the only way to reach the truth, others believe that faithis the only path to a true reality, and then some others believe science and faith assist each other when looking for a true reality. The concepts faith and empirical science may conflict with each other many times, but in some ways they have proven to work together while striving for a true reality. What are the theories empiricism, rationalism, and foundationalism and what do the concepts consist of? Empiricism determines a persons knowledge by personal sense experiences. Empiricisms development was assisted by the following philosophers: John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume. Locke believed, to an extent, that empiricism was a great theory because he thought that smaller and simpler ideas could be pieced together to create a complex idea. In other words, it is similar to putting together smaller pieces of a puzzle to create one large picture. While empiricism focuses on the theory of true knowledge by sense experience, rationalism is the concept in which apersons true knowledge is gained by reason and logic. Locke may have agreed with some aspects of empiricism but, ultimately, he sided with the rationalistic theory. Rationalists commit to ideas of other theories such as skepticism and foundationalism because they contain views that are similar or comply with opinions from rationalism. Most opinions from empiricism do notcomply with the opinions from rationalism, making them almost completely opposing theories (Rationalism vs. Empiricism n.pag.). Foundationalism can bedefined as a view that different concepts are justified because of a continuousroutine. For example, say someone has a piano rehearsal every Thursday. This person has experienced foundationalism because he or she have justified a continuous routine. This explains Similar to faith and science, the theories of empiricism, rationalism, and foundationalism have connections among each otherthat can assist with bringing a true reality forward. When contemplating the theories of foundationalism andlogical positivism, how can these topics influence faith and science? Aspreviously stated, foundationalism is a concept in which acts or judgmen ts arejustified by a pattern or usual routine. This theory is applied to philosophybecause there are patterns that exist when justifying whether a subject is trueor false. (Foundationalist Theories n.pag.). Acts or steps of faith,religiously speaking, occur such as Baptism, First Communion, and Confirmation.As a Catholic, students go through a process to understand faith and acts ofGod. The process towards confirmation is an example of foundationalism becauseit consists of a usual routine for people from the age newborns to young adultsthat will eventually gain the Christian title. Foundationalism, in philosophy,can determine truth by justifications. The theory influences the belief infaith and science because the number of people that believe in faith willdecrease, and the number of people that believe in science will increase. Manypeople nowadays tend to believe more in empirical proof and science because itis easier. Ultimately, the impact of this pattern of increasing and decreasingnumbers will completely discard faith and science will control the population.Foundationalism complies with rationalism because they both justify an act oropinion by observation instead of belief on its o wn. In simpler words, theoriesof science prove a subject as the truth because it can be displayed for others.For the side of faith, a person must only believe the subject is the truthwithout any justifications. Finding the truth with the assistance of faith,proves to be difficult for many people because they cannot physically observethe subject. Logical positivism, alsosimilar to rationalism, is a natural and important role for logic andmathematics and to find an understanding of philosophy (Logical Empiricismn.pag.). Logical empiricism differs from empiricism because logical empiricismis the attempt to understand philosophical theories with reasoning. Empiricism focusesmainly on the development of experience through personal senses. All theories mentioned prior to this point, are complex and entangled. This explains why itis sometimes difficult to prove that faith and science can assist each otherwhen searching for a true reality. What are the causes and effects of the conflictingconcepts of faith and science? Faith and science can affect many people, notjust the people involved with one side or the other. Since faith has manycomplex ideas, Kierkegaards is not the only one to contemplate. Regarding thisinformation, Kierkegaards definition of faith is not the only conflictingconcept. Empiricism relates to faith and it also brings upon many topics that proveto be contradictory. One major conflict that arises from faith is the proof andevidence from science that may discontinue the original concept of faith. If this begins to occur with all topics involved with faith, then the concepts maybe completely forgotten. More people may start discovering empirical proof toconstantly contradict ideas of faith, leading to science controlling most ofthe population. Science does not seem to be endangered even the slightest bit,but levels of faith may begin to drop. Science, in fact, continues to evolvewhile producing deductive evidence within observations. Faith may not beproviding many new concepts and ideas, but old practices are still functioning(Perception of Conflict n.pag.). Faith and science continue to conflict witheach other, but neither are at a great risk of withdrawal. Throughout many centuries, ideas and understandings offaith and science have evolved. From Kierkegaards leap of faithunderstanding to A.J. Ayer and his favorable topic of Logical Positivism, thetwo topics have become much more complex over the years. Logical positivism (orlogical empiricism) can be defined as a statement that is only meaningful ifit is either purely formal or capable of empirical verification (LogicalPositivism n.pag). In other words, the information must be completelyscientific or it must be justified by faith. This is a big reason as to why theconcept is an issue. Proving a scientific theory wrong with faith is more difficultthan vice versa. A.J. Ayer attempted to understand the problem with inductivereasoning, but was continuously unsuccessful. The issue with inductivereasoning explains why proving a scientific theory false with concepts of faithdoes not function well. Moving from a specific and detailed concept to a morecommon topic does not make much sense. In most cases, faith and sciencechallenge each other, but infrequently, they can assist and truly prove the opposingtopic. Attempting to bring together the topics of faith andscience is difficult, but it can be done. Difficulty emerges from other philosophicaltheories such as empiricism, rationalism, foundationalism, and logicalpositivism. Many of these theories mainly oppose and falsify faith, which makesthe topics of faith and science even more disconnected. Although, they havethis opposition, there are ways that they prove each correct. As previously stated,there are steps of faith for Christian students. As these students become religiouslyconfirmed, they develop into young adults that will begin their new life. Somemay obtain jobs within scientific fields while still acquiring and portraying religiousfaith. People are the answer as to how faith and science can coexist. Peoplecreate the connections between faith and science and among many other conceptsand this is what brings a true reality. Works Cited https://apologetics315.com/2016/09/terminology-tuesday-propositionalism/ https://www1.cbn.com/faith-and-reason-kierkegaards-legacy https://www.pewinternet.org/2015/10/22/perception-of-conflict-between-science-and-religion/ https://www.philosophybasics.com/branch_logical_positivism.html https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ayer/ https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justep-foundational/ https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rationalism-empiricism/

Present the way in which imprisonment is presented in The...

Present the way in which imprisonment is presented in The Bell Jar The bell jar is an inverted glass jar, generally used to display an object of scientific curiosity. Present the way in which imprisonment is presented in ‘The Bell Jar’ The bell jar is an inverted glass jar, generally used to display an object of scientific curiosity, contain a certain kind of gas, or maintain a vacuum. For Esther, the bell jar symbolizes madness. When gripped by insanity, she feels as if she is inside an airless jar that distorts her perspective on the world and prevents her from connecting with the people around her. At the end of the novel, the bell jar has lifted, but she can sense that it still hovers over her, waiting to drop at any†¦show more content†¦She herself says, I was supposed to be having the time of my life. So why is she so miserable with her success? Why does she feel the need to invent another name for herself, Elly Higginbottom? Why does she try to be pals with Doreen? Why does Esther avoid her magazine work if she really does like her boss, Jay Cee? Does Esther really want to be a writer? What does Esther want from life? How does she really feel about herself and her world? Does she perceive reality correctly? What kind of change is she going through? There is contrast between what Esther inner voice is thinking and what she is saying. For example when she talks to Doctor Gordon and her voice reflects on her experience but her inner thoughts are completely different.** Plath reveals and challenges the values of American society in several ways, these include; the sarcastic tone that Esther uses when talking about, ‘All American things’ challenges what is all American. The fig tree where Early in the novel, Esther reads a story about a Jewish man and a nun who meet under a fig tree. Their relationship is doomed, just as she feels her relationship with Buddy is doomed. Later, the tree becomes a symbol of the life choices that face Esther. She imagines that each fig represents a different life. She can only choose one fig, but because she wants all of them, she sits paralyzed with indecision, and the figs rot and fall to the ground and finally though theShow MoreRelatedEsther s Depression Of The Novel Depression 1687 Wo rds   |  7 Pagesin very sympathetic ways. Her friends also do not deeply care for her. Rather, they accompany her places and invite Esther to do things with them. Esther shuns many of these invitations or, when she does accept them, does not have fun. Her efforts in school and work take away from her time to socialize and she becomes more withdrawn as a result. 2. In a letter while at college, Plath wrote that I ve gone around for most of my life as in the rarefied atmosphere under a bell jar. Is this the primaryRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pages....................................................................... 4 1. Earlier lexicographical work on Igbo........................................................................................................ 4 2. The development of the present work ....................................................................................................... 6 3. Onitsha Igbo .......................................................................................................................

A Comparison of Adverting Methods of Two Cereals Essay

A Comparison of Adverting Methods of Two Cereals I examined two cereal packets to try to determine advertising methods and processes of persuasion to draw people in to buy a product. In this study of advertising methods, I looked at two packets of cereal, Kelloggs Crunchy Nut Corn Flakes and plain Kelloggs Corn Flakes. I examined the picture, the larger print messages, and other pieces of text and identified a range of advertising techniques designed to appeal to the†¦show more content†¦This is another sales tactic that persuades investment in the product. Headlines Apart from the brand name, there is also and individual product description, Crunchy Nut Corn Flakes. Other large print headlines on the front are designed to direct your attention towards certain ingredients that are beneficial to your health. The manufacture is therefore attempting to exploit the desire of the majority of people to have good health and to promote good health among their family. The sub-text, connected with the 2 for 1 offer on a meal out at a choice of destinations is used to entice the consumer to purchase this product opposed to one that lacks and offer of that sort. Text Much of the text on the front has already been scrutinised and described but the text on the back and sides is yet to be developed. On the side of the box, there is a table of ingredients, on the opposite side, there is a table of Nutrition information, this tells us how much starch, sugar, fat, etc. is contained in a recommended 30g portion. The text on the back of the packet is all about the 2 for 1 meals, it consists of a large paragraph starting, Can you imagine yourself sitting at a candlelit dinner enjoying the aroma of French cuisine, oriental, Indianà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. The paragraph then goes on tying toShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Advertising on Children’s Materialistic Orientations7852 Words   |  32 Pagesconsumer development. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying this relation have not been studied. In order to fill these lacunae, this study focused on the longitudinal relation between children’s advertising exposure and materialism. We investigated two possible mediators: advertised product desire and perceived reality of advertising. A sample of 466 Dutch children (ages 8 – 11) was surveyed twice within a 12month interval. Analyses showed that advertising exposure had a positive causal effect on

Migraine Headaches Free Essays

Jaquelyn Ballentine HE 101 Blua 10 November 2008 Migraine headaches What are migraine headaches? Where do they come from? How can you help prevent them? Migraine headaches cannot really just be simplified down to just one classification. There are many determining factors when classifying one. One type of migraine is a migraine without aura; this is probably the most common form of a migraine. We will write a custom essay sample on Migraine Headaches or any similar topic only for you Order Now These migraines can last anywhere between 4-72 hours non-stop, which can be pretty painful. Typical characteristics of this are unilateral location, pulsating quality, moderate or severe intensity, aggravation by routine physical activity and association with nausea and/or photophobia(sensitivity to bright light) or phonophobia(sensitivity to sound or noise). These symptoms can very much interfere with daily life and routines. The next type of a migraine is a migraine with aura, this is the second most commonly seen form of a migraine, and people who suffer from these might also suffer from migraines without aura. The symptoms of a migraine with aura usually follow the symptoms of a migraine without aura. To diagnose this type of migraine it must follow the following criteria 1. Aura consisting of at least one of the following, but no muscle weakness or paralysis: fully reversible visual symptoms (flickering lights, spots, lines, or loss of vision) fully reversible sensory symptoms (pins and needles/numbness) fully reversible dysphasia (speech disturbance) 2. Aura has at least two of the following characteristics: visual symptoms affecting just one side of the field of vision and/or sensory symptoms affecting just one side of the body, at least one aura symptom develops gradually over more than 5 minutes and/or different aura symptoms occur one after another over more than 5 minutes, or each symptom lasts from 5-60 minutes. The signs and symptoms of a migraine vary among different people. Therefore, what is experienced before, during, and after a migraine cannot be exactly defined. There are about 4 phases 1. The prodrome, which occurs hours or days before the headache, 2. The aura, which immediately precedes the headache, 3. The pain phase, also known as the headache phase, and 4. The postdrome. The pendrome phase: prodromal symptoms occur in 40-60% of all migraine sufferers. This phase may consist of altered mood, irritability, depression or euphoria, fatigue, yawning, excessive sleepiness, craving for certain foods (chocolate), stiff muscles (especially in the neck), constipation or diarrhea, increased urination, and other visceral symptoms. These symptoms occur usually between hours and days before the headache. Next is the pain phase. The typical migraine is unilateral, throbbing, and moderate to severe and can be aggravated by physical activity. Though the pain may be bilateral at the onset or start on one side and become generalized. These can last anywhere from 4-72 hours in adults and from about 1-48 hours in children. The frequency of these migraines is extremely variable, from few in an entire life time to several times in a week. Te head pain also varies greatly in intensity. Then postdrome phase: the patient may feel tired; have head pain, feel â€Å"hung-over†, gastrointestinal symptoms, mood changes, and weakness. Some people feel unusually refreshed or euphoric after an attack. Where as others fell depressed. For some patients a 5-6 hour nap may reduce the pain, but slight headaches may still occur when standing or sitting quickly. Normally these symptoms will vanish after rest. Migraines are underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. The diagnosis of migraine without aura according to the International Headache Society, can be made according to the following criteria, the â€Å"5, 4, 3, 2, 1 criteria†. or more attacks, 4 hours to 3 days in duration, 2 or more of-unilateral location, pulsating quality, moderate to severe pain, aggravation by or avoidance of routine physical activity, 1 or more accompanying symptoms (nausea and/or vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia). A migraine trigger is any factor that, on exposure or withdrawal, leads to the dev elopment of an acute migraine headache. Triggers fall into different categories such as behavioral, environmental, infectious, dietary, chemical, or hormonal. Migraine attacks may be triggered by: allergic reactions, bright lights, loud noises, and certain odors or perfumes, physical or emotional stress, changes in sleep patterns, smoking or exposure to smoke, skipping meals, alcohol, menstrual cycle fluctuations, birth control pills, hormone fluctuations during the menopause transition, tension headaches, foods containing tyramine (red wine, aged cheese, smoked fish, chicken livers, figs, and some beans), MSG or nitrates like bacon hot dogs or salami, and other foods such as chocolate, nuts, peanut butter, avocado, banana, citrus, onions, dairy products, and fermented or picked foods. Conventional treatment usually focuses on three areas: trigger avoidance, symptomatic control, and preventive drugs. Patients often find that the recommended migraine treatments are not 100% effective at preventing migraines, and sometimes may not be affective at all. Once all diagnostic information has been collected and reviewed, then the best course of action can be determined. Whether that may be drugs or simple rest; the treatment varies greatly for each patient so as of right now there is no exact treatment for migraine headaches. Thorough research is being done, and many of the experiments that are being tested are on new drugs to better treat these symptoms. Throughout my family history many of my family members have bean diagnosed with migraine headaches so I have quite an idea of what these â€Å"patients† are going through, seeing as I am one of them. These migraine headaches are extremely painful and can take you away from normal activities such as going outside because the bright light, watching TV because of the noise, or even just studying because of the nerves and other things inside your brain that can have an affect on the migraine. Many treatments have been prescribed to chronic migraine sufferers in my family, but everyone still has yet to find one that has worked efficiently. This is a problem that needs to be fixed. That is one of the main reasons that I plan to pursue my career in becoming a neurosurgeon. The fact that I am a migraine sufferer has an enormous impact on my choice of career and I am determined to go through with it. Too many people suffer everyday from migraine headaches and most people who do not suffer from these do not know the actual pain that is associated with one. Works cited Wikipedia. com – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Migraine Migraineheadaces. com- http://www. migraineheadache. com/wsym. html Emedicinehealth. com- http://www. emedicinehealth. com/migraine_headache/article_em. htm How to cite Migraine Headaches, Papers

Dinosaurs Extinction Essay Example For Students

Dinosaurs Extinction Essay The first question that must be posed when trying to crack the mystery of themass extinction is to ask, throughout history were there any other occurences ofthis magnitude? The answer is a resounding yes. Altogether over time there hasbeen about eight mass extinctions to large land dwelling vertebrates. The mostrecent was about ten thousand years ago, killing most of the giant mammals likemammoths, mastodons, super-large camels, saber-toothed tigers, and others (Bakker428). The second question, is whether or not these mass extinctions follow apattern? Once again the answer is yes. Every time a mass extinction occurs onthe land ecosystem, the oceanic system is hurt. When the dinosaurs died, manysea animals also died out (Bakker 428-430). The final question to be asked, iswhen these mass extinctions occur, are both land and water animals affected, andif so, are they affected at the same point in time? All saltwater animalssuffered, however, freshwater creatures were left unaffected. Pl ants on land didsuffer, but not nearly as much as the dinosaurs and other creatures thatdepended on them as a food source.(Bakker 431). Since the time that the firstdinosaur was discovered, paleontologists have been pondering the demise of thedinosaurs. Over a hundred theories have been produced to explain this massextinction (Psihoyos 255). The dinosaurs may have died because, theweather got too hot, ; the weather got too cold, ; theweather got too dry, ; the weather got too wet, ; theweather became too hot in the summer and too cold in the winter, ;the land became too hilly, ; new kinds of plants evolved whichpoisoned all the dinosaurs, ; new kinds of insects evolved whichspread deadly diseases, ; new kinds of mammals evolved whichcompeted for food, ; new kinds of animals evolved which ate all ofthe dinosaurs eggs, ; a giant meteor hit the earth, ; asupernova exploded near the earth, ; cosmic rays bombarded theearth, ; or massive volcanoes erupted all over the earth at once (Bakke r425). Scientists beliefs seem to fall into two basic common positions,the Catastrophists, and the Gradualists (Psihoyos 255). The Catastrophistsbelieve that a huge catastrophic event took place, killing all of the dinosaurs. The most popular theory of the Catastrophists is the asteroid theory. Anasteroid called Chicxulub hit the earth creating a 150 mile wide crater near theYucatan Peninsula in Mexico. The date this asteroid hit the earth was sometimeabout 65.7 million years ago, just about the time the dinosaurs died (Psihoyos255). When this two-mile-wide asteroid hit the earth, it probably shattered andsent tons and tons of asteroid-earth dust into the stratosphere. The lack oflight caused by the dust blocking out the sun would have caused many plants todie out, leaving plant eating dinosaurs to die, and with no herbivores to hunt,the carnivorous dinosaurs would die out, the domino effect (Krishtalka 19-20). This event also would have frozen the earth, another reason why it would killall of the dinosaurs. No one can prove this theory, but it is one of the mostrecent theories among scientists these days, as to what killed off all of thedinosaurs. The dinosaurs were around for roughly 140 million years. They werethe ruling beasts of the earth for this whole period. Then, 65 million years agothe dinosaurs just all died. None flying through the air, none swimming in thewater, none walking on land. They were all just gone. The death of thedinosaurs was the biggest mass extinction in the history of the earth (Bates8-10). The first clue that led scientists to the asteroid theory was thefinding of a thin layer of clay in the ground. In 1978 Walter Alvarez, aProfessor of geology from Berkeley, California, was driving up out of a deeplimestone gorge behind Gubbio, Italy, when he noticed something strange. .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5 , .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5 .postImageUrl , .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5 , .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5:hover , .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5:visited , .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5:active { border:0!important; } .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5:active , .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5 .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u32d8151aa3368131bc7c16812cb3f4a5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings Essay ThesisLimestone was formed when little prehistoric sea animals called forams died andfell to the bottom of the ocean to form rock. When he was driving along he sideof this gorge he noticed that right at one point, all of the forams were gone. This also happened to be a point in the ground right at 65 million years, rightabout the time the dinosaurs died. Another strange thing Alvarez noticed wasthat right in between the forams and the above rock was a thin layer of clay. Hefelt that the clay might be important so he chipped a piece off, and hid itaway. Upon his arrival back in California he showed the clay to his father, LuisAlvarez. Together they decided to find out what this clay was doing in themiddle of the rock. To see how long the clay took to form, the measured thedensity of iridium, a metal in cosmic dust that the earth collects as itrevolves around the sun. To their amazement, though, the clay contained massiveamounts of iridium. Now they didnt care how long the clay took to form, but whyit contained so much iridium. After a while, they came up with a working theory. Perhaps a comet or asteroid crashed into the earth. Both of these containextremely high amounts of iridium, so it was a perfectly working explanation. Upon impact this heavenly body would smash into millions of little pieces, flyinto the atmosphere, and cause destruction on the earth (Bates 11-14). This clayis a marker between the Cretaceous and the Tertiary periods. It is now calledthe K-T boundary. When the K-T boundary was looked for in New Zealand and inDenmark, it was still found. There is another place the iridium could have comefrom, and that is the center of the earth. But, unless volcanoes erupted allover the entire world at once, this is a very unlikely place for it to have comefrom. So, with all this in mind, the answer became very clear for Luis andWalter Alvarez and their colleagues. This clay layer came from outer space (Krishtalka20-21). Finally, in the early 1990s, researchers found something very exciting. They had discovered Chicxulub. Chicxulub is a non-volcanic crater buried in theGulf of Mexico. This crater is more than a hundred miles across. The size,structure, and composition of this crater led scientists to believe thatapproximately 65 million years ago an asteroid, two miles in diameter, cameflying towards the earth (Horner 208). As scientists look at the K-T boundary,they noticed something else strange, nowhere on earth can dinosaur remains befound on or above this line of clay. In fact, the closest any remains have beenfound were about nine feet below it. It would be hard for scientists to sayexactly how many years nine feet of earth represents, but its safe to say itwould be around 100,000 years. Experts who feel an asteroid killed the dinosaurssay that it just took all of 100,000 years for the dust cloud to resettle to theground, and by that time, the dinosaurs were long gone (Horner 211-212). Anothercause, less common, yet still possible, for the extinction of the dinosau rs, isthe Deccan Trap thoery. The Deccan Traps was a massive volcanic eruptionthat took place just about the time the dinosaurs died. So much lava was spewedin this eruption that the Himalayan Mountains were formed. Also, though, enoughash could have been thrown up into the atmosphere in this eruption, that the sunwould have been blocked out, killing the dinosaurs, some plants and otheranimals (Psihoyos 255). Researchers are beginning to agree that a catastrophicevent at the end of the Cretaceous caused mass mortality, but not immediateextinction. This is ironic, however, because for years scientists have tried toprove this catastrophe caused sudden and rapid extinction. Now that rapidextinction has been accepted, it turns out it wasnt so rapid after all (Hs?221). This is exactly what the gradualists believe, that this extinction wasslow. They believe this extinction was brought on by something like climatechanges, smaller volcanic eruptions, rampant spreading of deserts, or thedrai nage of inland seas. All of these, however are caused by continental drift. .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f , .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f .postImageUrl , .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f , .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f:hover , .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f:visited , .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f:active { border:0!important; } .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f:active , .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u56e4a21891868299d347e0b527250a2f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A lesson before dying EssayThis is a weak belief, though, because as paleontologist Jim Jensen said,Continental drift can be used to explain everything- from lousy weather toRepublicans (Psihoyos 255). If the dinosaurs died slowly, it would be verylikely that the cause would be more random than a single catastrophic event. Some members of some groups may be eliminated, but not all members of any onegroup. Looking at certain studies, this is what scientists found, a steadydecline in genera of dinosaurs from the oldest (deepest) layers of the column,to the youngest (Horner 213-214). A column of sediments in North Dakota, Adetailed breakdown shows that the apparently fixed number of species owes muchto rapid recovery after mass extinctions Species diversity was drasticallyreduced at the end of each geological era, not only at the species level, butamong genera and families too (Hs? 94). There are also a fair number ofscientists who believe in both kinds of theories. They have called thecombination of events that led up to this extinction, The worst weekend inthe history of the world (Hs? 95).